Mosquito- Born Disease

Mosquito- born disease is a disease transmitted by mosquito to human. Disease can be from animal or human. Every year, mosquito kills more than 1 million people worldwide and everyday there is people died of mosquito’s disease. Research stated that only few species of mosquitoes are able to transmit disease such as ‘Anopheles’ and ‘Aedes’ mosquito.

Type of mosquito- born disease:

Malaria
- Caused by parasite carried from person to person by Anopheles mosquito.
- Anopheles mosquito is active during the night.
- Symptoms of Malaria are fever, headache, malaise, chills, muscle ache, joint pain, nausea and vomiting. Sweating also usually present. These symptoms can be appeared from 10- 15 days and it may continue up to a month or longer.
- There are 500 million cases with more than 1 million deaths reported every year by World Health Organization (WHO), most of the deaths are children and pregnant women.
- Country affected by Malaria is Africa, Asia, Latin America, Middle East and Europe whereby Africa is the most reported in Malaria disease.

Dengue Fever
- Caused by one of the four Dengue viruses and transmitted from infected person to another.
- Transmits by Aedes mosquito.
- Symptoms of Dengue are sudden high fever, severe headache, eyes pain, muscle and joint pain, nausea, vomiting and no appetite. Symptoms usually appear from 3- 14 days after infection bite. Dengue infection may progress up to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever where the blood vessel starts to leak and causing bleeding from nose, mouth and gums. Without prompt treatment, the blood vessel can collapse, shock and death.
- Two fifth of the population are at risk and this disease is a leading cause of serious illness and death to children in some Asia countries.
- There are 50 million cases with 12,500 deaths reported every year by World Health Organization (WHO)
- Dengue Fever is common in most tropical and sub tropical countries such as Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America, Asia and Africa.

Yellow Fever
- Is a tropical disease caused by Yellow Fever virus.
- Transmits by Aedes mosquito.
- 2 types of Yellow Fever: Jungle Yellow Fever and Urban Yellow Fever.
- Jungle Yellow Fever is a disease caused by monkey. People get Jungle Yellow Fever when they get bitten by mosquitoes that infected by monkeys. Jungle Yellow Fever usually occurs for those working in the tropical rain forests. For Urban Yellow Fever is a disease from infected person to another.
- Aedes mosquito usually breeding in discarded tyres, oil drums, flower pots, or water containers.
- Symptoms of Yellow Fever are fever, muscle pain, loss appetite, nausea, headache, shiver and vomiting. Symptoms appear from 3- 6 days after infection bite. Usually patient will recover after few days but in some cases, fever reappear and causing jaundice and internal bleeding. 50% of the cases, patient died within 10- 14 days.
- There are 200,000 cases with 30,000 deaths reported every year by World Health Organization (WHO)
- Yellow Fever is found in Africa and South America.

Japanese Encephalitis
- Japanese Encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted by rice field breeding mosquitoes. This kind of mosquitoes belongs to ‘genius culex’ group. Rice field mosquitoes get infected after feeding on pigs and wild birds that infected with Japanese Encephalitis virus.
- Japanese Encephalitis causes serious inflammation of brain and may lead to permanent brain damage and high mortality rate.
- Symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis are fever, headache, neck stiffness, coma, stupor and high risk of causing permanent brain damage.
- There are 50,000 cases with 15,000 deaths reported every year by World Health Organization (WHO)
- Countries affected by Japanese Encephalitis disease are China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, India, Nepal and Malaysia.

West Nile Encephalitis
- West Nile Encephalitis is causing by West Nile virus where acquire from wild birds such as crows, blue jays, gray jays, magpies and ravens.
- West Nile Encephalitis usually transmits by ‘Culex Pipiens’ or ‘Culex Restuans’ mosquito and it occurs during warm whether when mosquito populations are active.
- Symptoms for West Nile Encephalitis are headache, fever, neck stiffness, body ache, muscle pain, skin rash and high risk of death. Symptoms usually appear from 2- 14 days after infection bite.
- West Nile Encephalitis is widely reported in Africa, Australia, Europe, West Asia and Middle East.

Chikungunya
- Main virus of Chikungunya is actually from monkey. Other wild animals or human also can be served as reservoirs of the virus.
- Chikungunya transmits to human by infected Aedes mosquito.
- Symptoms of Chikungunya are high fever, headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle and joint pain. Symptoms usually appear from 3- 7 days after infection bite.
- Countries reported with Chikungunya disease are Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Indonesia, Africa and some Europe countries. Chikungunya is expanding widely today especially in some Asia countries.

Currently, all the diseases above do not have specific treatment or vaccine to cure. Please take the right mosquito prevention to cut down the risks.